Legal Dynamics of Private Fund Industry
Yang Chunbao's lawyer team's legal service dynamics
/ / Yang Chunbao's lawyer team provides comprehensive legal services for a listed company to set up a fund
Recently, Yang Chunbao's lawyer team accepted the entrustment of a state-owned listed company to provide comprehensive legal services such as fund structure design, legal due diligence on the fund manager, drafting of partnership agreement and subsidiary agreement for its cooperation with a fund manager to establish a fund.
The CSRC issued a letter to support
the introduction of long-term funds
by private equity investment funds
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC issued the Reply to the Proposal No. 2894 (Finance, Taxation and Finance No. 190) of the Fifth Session of the 13th National Committee of the CPPCC. The response mainly includes three aspects: first, introduce more fresh water into the private equity market, actively promote the introduction of long-term funds, and improve the industry's fund-raising environment; Second, we should strengthen the top-level design of government-guided funds, balance administrative management and market competition, fund security and use efficiency; Third, we should deepen the pilot work of share transfer of equity investment and venture capital. The administrative authorities should actively guide and improve the rule system to promote the smooth implementation of the pilot work.
Various announcements and reports
of the fund industry association
The China Securities Investment Fund Association (hereinafter referred to as the "Association") released the Summary of the Self-discipline Cases of the Fund Industry Association in 2022 on February 8, 2023. The summary includes the following sections: First, "zero tolerance" to crack down on violations and escort the high-quality development of the fund industry. 2、 Focus on key issues of governance and promote the industry to return to its roots; The Association focused on punishing the non-professional operation of private equity funds, severely cracking down on breaking the bottom line of fiduciary obligations, continuously strengthening the management of information disclosure of major issues, and accurately identifying and cracking down on illegal breakeven and guaranteed income. 3、 Pay close attention to the "key minority" and compact the responsibilities of senior executives; The Association will focus on the main responsibility of the "key minority" and pursue the responsibility of the violators and relevant senior executives together. 4、 Continue to consolidate the institutional foundation and comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of discipline enforcement. On December 30, 2022, the Association officially issued and implemented the Measures for the Implementation of Self-discipline Management and Disciplinary Measures, established a three-dimensional, multi-level and progressive system of self-discipline management and disciplinary measures, and continuously improved the standardization and transparency of self-discipline management.
On February 22, 2022, the Association issued the "Work Plan for Follow-up Training of Fund Practitioners in 2023", specifying the specific arrangements for the online plan of face-to-face, live and remote training courses for fund practitioners in 2023. According to the plan, the face-to-face and live training plan includes 20 sessions of professional ethics and compliance risk training, 16 sessions of investment research training, 2 sessions of custody operation training, 1 session of fund investment consulting and sales business training, 5 sessions of private equity investment fund training and 6 sessions of comprehensive service training. In addition, the course category, name, number of hours and online time of the distance training course were also announced.
On February 23, 2023, the Association issued the Notice on Issuing the Credit Information Report of Members of Private Fund Managers in the Fourth Quarter of 2022. The notice said that the Association would provide the credit information report of the fourth quarter of 2022 to the private fund managers who became members of the Association before the fourth quarter of 2022. From February 24, 2023, the members of private fund managers can submit the assets management business through the Association's comprehensive reporting platform( https://ambers.amac.org.cn )Check the member's credit information report for the fourth quarter of 2022. Each private fund manager member shall ensure that the information submitted is true, accurate and complete. If members have any questions about the results of the credit information report of this institution, they can submit a written inquiry application to the Association within one month from the date of receiving the credit information report. Please send the relevant application materials to pf@amac.org.cn The Association will reply as soon as possible after receiving the inquiry application.
The Association announced on February 24, 2023 that five institutions, namely Dalian Yalian Investment Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai Puquan Investment Management Co., Ltd., Tianfeng Huiying (Wuhan) Investment Management Co., Ltd., New Hualian Runshi (Beijing) Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. and Beijing Hanguang Investment Co., Ltd., could not continuously meet the registration requirements of the administrator. The Association will cancel the registration of private fund managers of the five institutions and record the above information into the integrity archive database of the securities and futures market. The Association reminds investors to continue to pay attention to the integrity and compliance of private fund managers, carefully make fund investment decisions, and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through the dispute resolution mechanism agreed in the fund contract and relevant legal channels.
Association self-discipline rules
Guidelines for the Pilot Filing of Real Estate Private Investment Funds (for Trial Implementation)
In order to promote the capital market to support the steady and healthy development of the real estate market, implement the requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission to carry out the real estate private placement investment fund pilot, and regulate the private placement investment fund to engage in the real estate investment business, the Association issued the Guidelines for the Filing of the Real Estate Private Placement Investment Fund Pilot (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines for the Real Estate Private Placement Fund") on February 20, 2023, and formally implemented from March 1, 2023. There are 21 Guidelines for Private Placement of Real Estate Funds, specifically:
1. Pilot first, new and old regulations parallel
Managers participating in the pilot can carry out real estate investment business according to the requirements of the guidelines, and the original business model and registration of managers not participating in the pilot will not be affected. However, the latter can not enjoy the special preferential conditions in terms of the larger investment scope, the looser leverage ratio setting, and the more free follow-up financing arrangement that the real estate private equity fund enjoys as stipulated in the Guidelines for Real Estate Private Equity Fund. In addition, the Association has set up a new product type of "real estate private investment fund", and the fund products set up in accordance with the pilot guidelines should be filed as this type.
2. Define the scope of investment and implement both relaxation and strictness
The Guidelines for Private Real Estate Investment Fund specifies the investment scope of private real estate investment fund, including specific residential housing (including stock commercial housing, indemnificatory housing, market-oriented rental housing), commercial operation housing, infrastructure projects, etc. However, the guidelines have strict requirements for the stock of commercial residential buildings, which need to have obtained the "five certificates" and have been sold or the main construction project has started.
3. Clarify the requirements of the administrator, and the threshold of the pilot is high
The Guidelines for Private Placement of Real Estate Funds specifies the requirements for managers to participate in this pilot project. Specifically, except for the backdoor situation, managers need to meet the following nine conditions:
(1) Is the manager of private equity investment funds (excluding private venture capital funds) registered with the Association;
(2) The investment structure is stable, and the main contributors and actual controllers have not changed in the past two years;
(3) The main contributor and actual controller shall not be the real estate development enterprise and its related parties;
(4) It has a perfect governance structure, management system, decision-making process and internal control mechanism;
(5) The paid-in capital shall not be less than 20 million yuan;
(6) With real estate investment management experience, the principal of real estate investment under management shall not be less than 5 billion yuan, or the cumulative principal of real estate investment under management shall not be less than 10 billion yuan since the registration;
(7) Have more than 3 successful exit experience of private real estate investment projects;
(8) For professionals with real estate investment experience, the investment department has no less than 8 professionals with more than 3 years of real estate investment experience, including no less than 3 professionals with more than 5 years of experience;
(9) No major violations have occurred in the past three years.
At the same time, according to the calculation caliber of the real estate investment management scale mentioned in the draft note of the Guidelines for Private Equity Funds of Real Estate, only the registered real estate investment management scale of private equity investment funds is calculated; The management scale only includes the proposed manager itself, excluding the management scale of the related party manager or the manager's senior management under the name of its related party manager; Only the amount of equity principal actually paid by the fund and invested in the project is calculated. We understand that the pilot threshold is generally prudent and strict, which can better prevent regulatory risks and reflect the new regulation idea of letting the head manager try first and play a leading role in demonstration.
4. Specify the requirements for qualified investors and fund operation
The Guidelines for Real Estate Private Placement Fund stipulates that the first round of paid-in capital contributions of investors of real estate private placement fund shall not be less than 10 million yuan, and the total amount of contributions of natural person investors shall not exceed 20% of the paid-in capital of the fund. In the form of partnership, contract and other unincorporated persons, if the funds of most investors are directly or indirectly invested in the real estate private investment fund, it shall be subject to thorough verification.
In addition, the Guidelines for Private Real Estate Investment Funds also clarify the operational requirements of private real estate investment funds from the aspects of the scale of the first round of paid-in funds, the necessary provisions of the fund contract, information disclosure, and regular reports.
5. Moderately relax the equity to debt ratio and raise restrictions, and improve the flexibility of operation
The Guidelines for Private Placement of Real Estate Funds moderately relax the restrictions on the ratio of shares to debt for private placement of real estate funds that meet the pilot requirements, which is specifically reflected in that the minimum ratio of shares to debt for funds with natural person investors is 1:2 on the premise of holding more than 75% of the equity of the invested enterprise; For funds that are all institutional investors, if they meet the requirements of asset control by holding more than 75% of the equity of the invested enterprise, or holding more than 51% of the equity of the invested enterprise and the invested enterprise provides guarantee, the ratio of equity to debt can be agreed by the fund contract. And the pilot fund can expand the source of investment funds by applying for operational property loans, mergers and acquisitions loans, etc. In addition, real estate private equity investment funds that perform corresponding procedures during the investment period can be subscribed and subscribed (subscribed) after the filing is completed.
6. Prevent risks and strengthen monitoring during and after the event
The Guidelines for Private Real Estate Investment Funds clearly states that private real estate investment funds should be subject to mandatory custody; The manager is required to be diligent and responsible to effectively control the risk of real estate private investment fund; It is strictly forbidden for the manager to use the fund property to invest in enterprises or projects controlled by its actual controller; For special risks such as single investment object, hierarchical arrangement, mortgage and pledge, shareholder loan, etc., special risks shall be disclosed; It shall also disclose information to investors and report operation conditions to the Association on a quarterly basis.
Measures for Registration and Filing of Private Investment Funds and supporting guidelines
In order to further optimize the registration and self-regulatory management work and guide the high-quality development of the private equity fund industry, the Fund Industry Association issued the revised Measures for the Registration and Filing of Private Equity Investment Funds (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) and supporting guidelines on February 24, 2023, and the new regulations will be formally implemented on May 1, 2023. The revised Measures have six chapters and eighty-three articles, and the main contents include: first, moderately improve the registration standards and make regulatory requirements for private fund managers and their contributors, actual controllers, senior executives and other key subjects. The second is to clarify the fund business specification, grasp the key links of raising, investment, management and retirement, and strengthen the industry compliance operation. The third is to improve the system and mechanism, strengthen the penetrating verification, and strengthen the self-discipline management in and after information disclosure and submission. Fourth, implement differentiated self-discipline management, implement the concept of supporting the superior and limiting the inferior, and increase the sense of gain of the industry. Fifth, improve self-discipline means, strengthen the effective governance of "fake, inferior and disorderly" private placement, curb industry chaos, and purify industry ecology.
With regard to the revised Measures, Yang Chunbao's lawyer team interpreted them item by item on the basis of relevant legal basis. For details, see our series of articles "Interpretation of the New Regulations on the Registration and Filing of Private Equity Funds with Basis".
Typical precedents
1. When an investor purchases a private equity fund product, the sales agency has warned him of the risk and informed him of the risk level, and the investor has confirmed in writing that he knows and is willing to bear the investment risk. In addition, he has a record of purchasing a similar risk level product of the sales agency. Combining these conditions, it can be considered that the sales agency has fulfilled the obligation of informing and explaining and the obligation of appropriateness
Case: Mr. Sun, the contract dispute of Urumqi Karamay East Road Sub branch of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Co., Ltd. [(2022) Xinminshen No. 1834]
Main facts: In February 2017, Mr. Sun purchased his financial products sold on a commission basis at Pudong Development Bank Karamay East Road Sub branch (hereinafter referred to as "Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub branch"). In August 2017, Mr. Sun went to Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub branch again to purchase a private equity fund product. After Mr. Xu, a staff member of Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub branch, introduced the fund involved in the case, In the personal business application list, Mr. Sun copied the content of "I have read the rights and interests instructions and business tips related to this business, fully understand and clearly understand the risks of this product, and am willing to bear the relevant risks", and confirmed that Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch has informed the product risk level through audio and video, and has given investment risk tips. After that, Sun Mou found the investment loss and believed that Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch failed to fulfill the obligation of appropriateness and disclosure, so he sued and requested Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch to compensate for the principal and income of its financial product purchase. Both the courts of first and second instance rejected Sun's application. Sun refused to accept it and applied for a retrial.
Judgment opinion: The retrial court held that the focus of the case was whether Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch fulfilled the obligation of informing and explaining and the obligation of appropriateness when selling the financial products involved in the case. The court of first instance has found that Mr. Sun copied the content of "I have read the rights and interests instructions and business tips related to this business, fully understand and clearly understand the risks of this product, and am willing to bear the relevant risks" on the personal business application list. Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch also informed the product risk level through audio and video, and gave Mr. Sun investment risk tips. The personal business application list of Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch also indicates that the fund risk level is E-high risk, the customer risk level is E-aggressive, and the customer does not purchase beyond the risk. In combination with the fact that Mr. Sun has purchased the bank's high-risk products in the past, he has certain risk perception ability and risk tolerance ability for financial products. The court of first instance held that Pudong Development Bank Kedong Sub-branch had fulfilled the obligation of informing and explaining and the obligation of appropriateness.
2.Without the consent of the principal, the trustee entrusts the private equity fund unit entrusted by the principal to a third person, and the principal terminates the contract, even if the private equity fund unit held by the principal has not withdrawn, the trustee also needs to return the investment funds and interests of the principal, and compensate for the loss that the principal is unable to exercise the rights of the private equity fund unit holder due to the sub-entrustment
Case: Dispute over the commission contract between Guo and Liu [(2022) Jing 02 Min Zhong No. 13563]
Main facts: In May 2016, Mr. Liu, as Party A, and Mr. Guo, as Party B, signed the Entrusted Investment Agreement, which agreed that Party A would voluntarily contribute 200000 yuan to the One Alpha Technology Private Equity Fund, and exercise relevant investor rights on behalf of Party B as the nominal investor. The rights that Party A entrusts Party B to exercise on its behalf include the registration of Party B as the nominal contributor in the register of contributors and the exercise of other rights granted to investors under the contractual fund product contract. As the actual contributor of the above investment, Party A has the right to obtain the corresponding investment income and bear the corresponding investment losses after the withdrawal of the investment; Party B can only hold the investment rights and interests formed by the investment on its behalf, and shall not transfer or pledge such rights and interests. On the same day, Mr. Guo, as Party A, signed the Entrusted Investment Agreement with Mr. Gao, as Party B. The content of the contract was consistent with that of the Entrusted Investment Agreement signed by Mr. Liu and Mr. Guo. In the contract, it was clearly agreed that Party A would contribute 200000 yuan. After Liu learned that Guo had transferred the entrustment, he sued Guo for the return of the investment money and interest, and compensated for the loss. In addition, the 200000 yuan fund invested by Mr. Liu has not been withdrawn. In the first instance, Mr. Liu clearly stated in court on September 13, 2022 that he wanted to terminate the contract, and Mr. Guo was aware of this. The court of first instance confirmed the dissolution of the entrusted financial management contract concluded by both parties, supported Liu's request to return the investment funds and interest, and determined the loss caused by Guo's sub-entrustment. Guo refused and filed an appeal.
Judgment opinion: The court of second instance held that the Entrusted Investment Agreement signed by Mr. Liu and Mr. Guo was of the nature of an entrustment contract, and the agreement clearly agreed that Mr. Guo should be registered as the nominal contributor in the register of contributors of the One Alpha Technology Private Placement Fund, but Mr. Guo entrusted Mr. Gao, an outsider, to hold the funds delivered by Mr. Liu, so Mr. Guo did not fulfill the obligation to hold the shares of private placement fund according to the agreement. Guo did not provide evidence to support Liu's clear knowledge of Gao's holding on his behalf. In view of this, the court of first instance confirmed that the entrustment contract concluded by both parties was terminated on September 13, 2022 on the grounds that Guo did not complete the entrustment, and that Guo returned the corresponding fees to Liu, which was not improper. The court of second instance finally rejected the appeal and upheld the original judgment.
Author
Lawyer Yang Chunbao
First-class lawyer
Senior partner of Dacheng (Shanghai) Law Firm
Email:
chambers.yang@dentons.cn
The leader of private equity and investment fund professional group of Beijing Dacheng (Shanghai) Law Firm, the leader of TMT industry group, the deputy director of Dacheng China Science, Technology, Culture, Leisure and Entertainment Professional Committee, and the member of Shanghai Foreign-related Legal Talent Pool. Bachelor of Law from Fudan University (1992), Master of Law from Sydney University of Science and Technology (2001), and Master of Law from East China University of Political Science and Law (2001).
Lawyer Yang has been practicing for 27 years, and has been engaged in private equity, investment and financing, mergers and acquisitions legal services for a long time, covering TMT, big finance, big health, real estate and infrastructure, exhibition industry, manufacturing industry and other industries. Since 2004, he has been specially recommended or commented by The Legal 500 and Asia Law Profiles for many times. Since 2016, he has been selected as "100 outstanding lawyers in China's business" by the internationally renowned legal media China Business Law Journal, and won the title of "China's annual corporate law expert" by Leaders in Law - 2021 Global Awards, He has won the "China TMT Lawyer Award" and "China Merger and Acquisition Lawyer Award" and other awards of Lawyer Monthly and Finance Monthly for many times. He has the qualification of independent director of listed companies and is a part-time professor of the School of Law of East China University of Science and Technology, a part-time tutor of the School of Law of Fudan University, a part-time postgraduate tutor of the East China University of Political Science and Law, a lecturer of the private president class of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and a lecturer of the training class of transnational business talents of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce There are 16 monographs, including "Practical Operation and Case Analysis of Legal Risk Prevention and Control in the Whole Process of Enterprises", "Complete Operation Guide for Corporate Investment and Financing Model Process", and "Operational Practice of Risk Prevention and Control of Private Equity Investment Funds". Lawyer Yang's practice areas include: companies, investment mergers and acquisitions and private equity funds, capital markets, TMT, real estate and construction engineering, and dispute resolution in the above fields.
Lawyer Sun Tian
Partner of Dacheng (Shanghai) Law Firm
Email:
sun.zhen@dentons.cn
Before practicing, lawyer Sun successively served as the president or executive assistant of the vice president of the global, Asia-Pacific or China regions in the Fortune 500 companies, such as Watts, Ingersoll Rand and Alcatel-Lucent. He has accumulated rich experience in enterprise operation and management, and has excellent bilingual communication and coordination skills in both Chinese and English. Lawyer Sun published the Operation Practice of Risk Prevention and Control of Private Equity Investment Funds and published dozens of articles in the fields of mergers and acquisitions, funds and e-commerce. Lawyer Sun specializes in private equity investment, enterprise mergers and acquisitions, e-commerce and labor legal affairs.
PE and TMT legal bridge
Presiding lawyer: Yang Chunbao, first-level lawyer
Tel/WeChat: 1390 182 6830
Business contact and submission email:
chambers.yang@dentons.cn
Address: 9/24/25/F, Shanghai World Financial Center, 100 Century Avenue, Shanghai
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